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KMID : 0352720150390010061
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Journal of Ginseng Research
2015 Volume.39 No. 1 p.61 ~ p.68
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Molecular mechanism of protopanaxadiol saponin fraction-mediated anti-inflammatory actions
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Yang Yanyan
Lee Jong-Sung
Rhee Man-Hee
Yu Tao
Baek Kwang-Soo
Sung Nak-Yoon
Kim Yong
Yoon Kee-Jung
Kim Ji-Hye
Kwak Yi-Seong
Hong Sung-Youl
Kim Jong-Hoon
Cho Jae-Youl
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Abstract
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Background: Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is a representative traditional herbal medicine with many different pharmacological properties including anticancer, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-diabetes, and anti-inflammatory activities. Only a few studies have explored the molecular mechanism of KRG-mediated anti-inflammatory activity. Methods: We investigated the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the protopanaxadiol saponin fraction (PPD-SF) of KRG using in vitro and in vivo inflammatory models. Results: PPD-SF dose-dependently diminished the release of inflammatory mediators [nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α, and prostaglandin E2], and downregulated the mRNA expression of their corresponding genes (inducible NO synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α, and cyclooxygenase-2), without altering cell viability. The PPD-SF-mediated suppression of these events appeared to be regulated by a blockade of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and TANK (TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator)-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), which are linked to the activation of activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) and interferon regulatory transcription factor 3 (IRF3). Moreover, this fraction also ameliorated HCl/ethanol/-induced gastritis via suppression of phospho-JNK2 levels. Conclusion: These results strongly suggest that the anti-inflammatory action of PPD-SF could be mediated by a reduction in the activation of p38-, JNK2-, and TANK-binding-kinase-1-linked pathways and their corresponding transcription factors (ATF2 and IRF3).
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KEYWORD
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activating transcription factor 2, anti-inflammatory activity, interferon regulatory transcription factor 3, Korean red ginseng, protopanaxadiol saponin fraction
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